Attack Technique
Ransomware
Ransomware is evolving, your threat detection and response strategy should too.
Definition
What is a ransomware?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to encrypt files on a device, effectively locking users out of their own data or systems. Attackers then demand a ransom payment from the victim, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key to regain access to the files.
How it works
How does ransomware work?
Ransomware typically infiltrates a system through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exploit kits that take advantage of vulnerabilities. Once inside, it follows these main steps:
- Infiltration and Execution: The ransomware installs itself on the device and begins executing.
- Encryption of Data: It scans for valuable files, such as documents, images, and databases, and encrypts them using strong encryption algorithms, making the files inaccessible.
- Ransom Demand: The ransomware displays a message informing the user of the attack, providing instructions for paying the ransom to retrieve a decryption key.
- Propagation (Optional): Some ransomware variants attempt to spread to other connected systems, further locking down the victim's network.
Why attackers use it
Why do attackers use ransomware techniques?
Attackers use ransomware techniques primarily to generate revenue by extorting victims. Here are the key motives:
- Financial Gain: Ransom payments, often in untraceable cryptocurrencies, offer quick and potentially high returns, especially when targeting organizations that cannot afford extended downtime.
- Disruption and Pressure: Ransomware creates immediate and severe operational disruptions, especially in industries reliant on constant data access (e.g., healthcare, finance). This pressure can coerce victims into paying faster.
- Data Theft and Double Extortion: Some ransomware attackers steal data before encryption, threatening to release it publicly unless the ransom is paid. This “double extortion” tactic can significantly increase pressure on the victim.
- Accessibility and Automation: Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) enables even low-skilled attackers to deploy ransomware through pre-built kits, making it an accessible and scalable method for cybercriminals.
- Low Risk: Cybercriminals face limited risks, as they can operate anonymously from countries with limited extradition laws, while cryptocurrency transactions provide an extra layer of obscurity.
These motives drive attackers to use ransomware as an efficient way to gain financially while causing maximum impact on their targets.
Platform Detections
How to detect ransomware?
Vectra AI detects ransomware by identifying abnormal file access and modification patterns typical of ransomware behavior. Here’s how:
- Behavioral Analysis: Vectra AI continuously monitors file activity, detecting rapid file access, encryption attempts, and modifications consistent with ransomware.
- Privilege Anomalies: Ransomware often escalates privileges to access or encrypt critical files. Vectra AI flags unusual access to privileged accounts or critical file systems.
- Lateral Movement Detection: Vectra AI identifies suspicious lateral movement attempts, where ransomware tries to spread across a network, alerting security teams to isolate the affected systems.
Through advanced, AI-driven detections, Vectra AI detects ransomware activity early in the attack chain, allowing SOC teams to act swiftly and prevent extensive data encryption or damage.
