Cicada3301
Cicada3301 is a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation, emerging in 2024 and based on ALPHV/BlackCat ransomware.
The Origin of Cicada3301
The Cicada3301 ransomware operation takes its name and logo from the infamous 2012-2014 internet puzzle known as Cicada 3301, which involved complex cryptographic challenges. However, the current ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation has no connection to the original puzzle. The legitimate Cicada 3301 organization has publicly denounced the criminal operation.
The ransomware campaign began actively recruiting affiliates on June 29, 2024, through the RAMP cybercrime forum. It shares significant similarities with the ALPHV/BlackCat ransomware, suggesting a potential rebrand or a splinter group using the same codebase.
Targets
Cicada3301's Targets
Countries targeted by Cicada3301
Cicada predominantly targets businesses in North America and the UK, but some recent victims are located in Switzerland and Norway.
Industries targeted by Cicada3301
Cicada3301 targets small and mid-sized businesses, focusing on SMBs, particularly those with enterprise environments using VMware ESXi. It’s strategically designed to maximize damage by disrupting virtual machine operations and removing recovery options.Victims span various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, retail, and hospitality.
Industries targeted by Cicada3301
Cicada3301 targets small and mid-sized businesses, focusing on SMBs, particularly those with enterprise environments using VMware ESXi. It’s strategically designed to maximize damage by disrupting virtual machine operations and removing recovery options.Victims span various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, retail, and hospitality.
Cicada3301's Victims
As of now, 26 victims have been publicly listed on the Cicada3301 extortion site. The ransomware targets enterprises with high-value assets and critical infrastructure, ensuring maximum pressure on victims to pay the ransom.
Source: ransomware.live
Attack Method
Cicada3301's Attack Method
Cicada3301 gains access through stolen or brute-forced credentials, potentially using the Brutus botnet for VPN brute-forcing across Cisco, Fortinet, Palo Alto, and SonicWall devices.
The ransomware uses valid credentials to escalate privileges, often bypassing security systems through command line tools like PSEXEC.
Uses a sleep function to delay execution, tampering with EDR solutions, and deleting shadow copies to inhibit recovery.
Integrated credential theft techniques are used for further network infiltration, leveraging brute-forced or stolen passwords.
Scans the network for file types and virtual machines, shutting down or deleting snapshots for optimal encryption impact.
Utilizes compromised credentials and tools like PSEXEC for spreading across the network.
Collects documents and media files based on specific extensions before initiating encryption.
Encrypts files using the ChaCha20 algorithm, applying intermittent encryption for larger files, and appending a seven-character extension.
No current evidence suggests data exfiltration is a priority, but future capabilities cannot be ruled out.
Maximizes disruption by encrypting critical files, shutting down VMs, and deleting recovery snapshots.
Initial Access
Cicada3301 gains access through stolen or brute-forced credentials, potentially using the Brutus botnet for VPN brute-forcing across Cisco, Fortinet, Palo Alto, and SonicWall devices.
Privilege Escalation
The ransomware uses valid credentials to escalate privileges, often bypassing security systems through command line tools like PSEXEC.
Defense Evasion
Uses a sleep function to delay execution, tampering with EDR solutions, and deleting shadow copies to inhibit recovery.
Credential Access
Integrated credential theft techniques are used for further network infiltration, leveraging brute-forced or stolen passwords.
Discovery
Scans the network for file types and virtual machines, shutting down or deleting snapshots for optimal encryption impact.
Lateral Movement
Utilizes compromised credentials and tools like PSEXEC for spreading across the network.
Collection
Collects documents and media files based on specific extensions before initiating encryption.
Execution
Encrypts files using the ChaCha20 algorithm, applying intermittent encryption for larger files, and appending a seven-character extension.
Exfiltration
No current evidence suggests data exfiltration is a priority, but future capabilities cannot be ruled out.
Impact
Maximizes disruption by encrypting critical files, shutting down VMs, and deleting recovery snapshots.
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping
TTPs used by Cicada3301
TA0001: Initial Access
No items found.
TA0002: Execution
No items found.
TA0003: Persistence
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
TA0004: Privilege Escalation
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
TA0005: Defense Evasion
T1218
System Binary Proxy Execution
T1027
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1562
Impair Defenses
TA0006: Credential Access
T1003
OS Credential Dumping
TA0007: Discovery
No items found.
TA0008: Lateral Movement
No items found.
TA0009: Collection
No items found.
TA0011: Command and Control
T1105
Ingress Tool Transfer
TA0010: Exfiltration
No items found.
TA0040: Impact
T1490
Inhibit System Recovery
Platform Detections
How to Detect Cicada3301 with Vectra AI
FAQs
What is Cicada3301 ransomware?
Cicada3301 is a Rust-based ransomware strain that targets small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), encrypting data and disrupting business operations by making systems unusable.
How does Cicada3301 gain initial access?
The ransomware typically exploits vulnerabilities within networks and uses compromised credentials to establish an initial foothold, often through opportunistic attacks.
What encryption method does it use?
Cicada3301 employs RSA encryption with OAEP padding, ensuring that encrypted files are highly secure and difficult to decrypt without the proper key.
How does Cicada3301 evade detection?
Cicada3301 uses advanced techniques to bypass detection, including the use of tools like EDRSandBlast to disable Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) systems and shadow copy deletion to prevent recovery.
Which industries are most affected by Cicada3301?
While Cicada3301 primarily targets SMBs, businesses across various sectors are vulnerable, especially those with weak cybersecurity postures.
What techniques does Cicada3301 use to disable recovery?
Cicada3301 disables system recovery options by deleting shadow copies using "vssadmin" commands and tampering with recovery settings through the "bcdedit" utility.
Does Cicada3301 exfiltrate data?
While the ransomware’s primary goal is encryption, the infrastructure it uses suggests that it may have the potential to exfiltrate data in future campaigns.
How can Cicada3301 ransomware be detected?
Advanced network detection and response tools, like those provided by Vectra AI, can detect unusual network behaviors, compromised credentials, and lateral movement, allowing early identification of threats like Cicada3301 before they cause damage.
What should I do if I detect Cicada3301 in my environment?
Immediate steps should include isolating the affected systems and working with cybersecurity experts. Solutions like the Vectra AI Platform offer real-time detection, automated responses, and post-incident forensic analysis to quickly mitigate ransomware threats.
How can I protect against Cicada3301 ransomware?
Proactive defense strategies, such as the Vectra AI Platform, provide continuous network monitoring, AI-driven threat detection, and early-stage identification of ransomware activities. This includes detecting privilege escalation, lateral movement, and attempts to disable defenses, ensuring ransomware is stopped before it can cause significant damage.